Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is one of the most destructive invasive species threatening southern Arizona’s desert ecosystems. Originally introduced in the early 20th century for erosion control and livestock forage, buffelgrass has since spread uncontrollably, outcompeting native vegetation, fueling wildfires, and exacerbating water scarcity. Managing this aggressive invader is critical to preserving Arizona’s unique desert landscapes.
The Damage Buffelgrass Causes
Threat to Native Plants and Wildlife
Buffelgrass spreads rapidly, forming dense monocultures that displace native vegetation such as saguaros, palo verde trees, and brittlebush. Unlike native desert plants, buffelgrass has a shallow, fibrous root system that absorbs water quickly, depleting moisture reserves critical for local flora and fauna. This shift in vegetation disrupts food and habitat sources for native wildlife, including desert tortoises and pollinators.
Increased Wildfire Risk
Perhaps the most severe consequence of buffelgrass is its role in intensifying wildfires. Native Sonoran Desert plants are not adapted to frequent fire cycles, but buffelgrass burns quickly and at extremely high temperatures. According to the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, buffelgrass-fueled wildfires can reach temperatures exceeding 1,400°F, devastating entire landscapes. Fires driven by buffelgrass can spread up to 10 times faster than natural desert fires, permanently altering ecosystems and leading to widespread saguaro mortality.
Water Consumption and Soil Degradation
Buffelgrass also exacerbates water scarcity by aggressively absorbing available moisture, leaving less for native species. Additionally, its dense root systems contribute to soil erosion, reducing the land’s ability to retain water and nutrients. This worsens desertification, making it even harder for native plants to recover after invasion or wildfire.
Managing Buffelgrass: What Can Be Done?
Effective buffelgrass management requires a combination of mechanical, chemical, and community-driven efforts.
Mechanical Removal
For small infestations, buffelgrass can be physically removed by digging out the entire root system. This is most effective when done after rainfall when the soil is soft. However, manual removal is labor-intensive and impractical for large-scale invasions.
Chemical Control
Herbicides like glyphosate-based treatments have proven effective in controlling buffelgrass. According to the U.S. Forest Service, properly applied herbicides can achieve up to 90% mortality rates in treated areas. However, repeated applications are often necessary to target regrowth. Proper timing—typically during the summer monsoon season when buffelgrass is actively growing—maximizes effectiveness.
Community Involvement
Local organizations, including the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum and volunteer groups, play a crucial role in buffelgrass removal efforts. Annual “Buffelgrass Pull” events mobilize volunteers to remove infestations in critical areas such as the Catalina Mountains and Saguaro National Park. Public awareness campaigns also encourage homeowners to identify and eradicate buffelgrass on private properties.
The Path Forward
Buffelgrass is not just an ecological nuisance—it is a direct threat to Arizona’s biodiversity, water resources, and public safety. Without proactive management, the spread of this invasive species will continue to degrade the Sonoran Desert landscape. Through coordinated efforts among government agencies, landowners, and community groups, we can mitigate the impact of buffelgrass and protect the unique beauty of Arizona’s desert ecosystems.
Sonoran Oasis Landscaping frequently encounters buffelgrass in Tucson Foothills properties. If you need expert removal and landscape management services, contact Sonoran Oasis Landscaping at (520) 546-2994 to schedule a consultation.
To learn more about buffelgrass and how you can help, visit Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum’s website or contact local conservation organizations.
Author
Deborah Munoz-Chacon
Owner, Sonoran Oasis Landscaping
Sources:
Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum
U.S. Forest Service
University of Arizona Cooperative Extension
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